What a beautiful farewell and tribute to Ted

I suspect that many of my readers spent Saturday glued to the television. First, there was the incredible ceremony at Our Lady of Perpetual Help; it was a funeral Mass that made us present to the family and able to hear the moving eulogies given by his sons and our President. I felt caught up in the prayer for Ted and for all who loved him; I also began to feel an admiration for those who really strive to help others in our political system.
The evening coverage of the actual arrival and burial was long but moving. Then came the video where Ted spoke to us in scenes filmed through the years. It brought back so many memories of all the Kennedys and how much they have done. None of us are perfect, but the good we do can live on and Ted certainly worked hard to help many.
I think Saturday was a special day in our history and may it inspire many politicians to strive for justice in all the ways Ted did.

Ted Kennedy and 22nd Sunday in Ordinary Time

The events of the past few days have marked this week. Ted Kennedy was a part of all of our lives. It is amazing what one man accomplished. I thought that the Opening Prayer for today's Liturgy might speak to you as it does to me so I am copying it here:

"Almighty God, every good thing comes from you. Fill our hearts with love for you. Increase our faith, and by your constant care protect the good you have given us."

The Alternate Opening Prayer is also good for reflection today:
"Lord God of power and might, nothing is good which is against your will, and all is of value which comes from your hand. Place in our hearts a desire to please you and fill our minds with insight into love, so that every thought may grow in wisdom and all our efforts may be filled with your peace."

Those prayers have so much to say to me that I may be returning to them all week. I also love the short Communion Antiphon:
"O Lord, how great is the depth of the kindness you have shown to those who love you." It makes a good prayer to say today in remembering Ted Kennedy!

Leaving home

On September 18, 1824, at the Solemn Distribution of Prizes, Mary Ann received the coveted First Medallion; this was given for excellence in conduct, academics, and leadership. It is not given often but Mary Ann was an outstanding student. As she left school, she knew she would soon be back. She was now considered a young lady, although not yet fifteen years old! She was to have a year at home where she delighted all - her parents, her family, the slaves, and her many friends. However, by the end of a year of gaiety, Mary Ann decided that she had a vocation. Her mother had guessed this, but her father did not believe it. Her friends planned a big party for September 28 and wanted Mary Ann to attend the dance. She went up to dress that night for the party and realized that the moment had come for her to choose between God and herself. She put her ball dress out of sight; sat down and wrote two notes. She called the slave who was to drive her to the party and told him to take the one that was her polite refusal. She slipped the other under the door of her father's room. She told him that she was leaving for Grand Coteau the next day. She spent the night packing but could hear her father pacing the floor. The next morning she waited until she thought no one would be in the dining room, but her father was waiting for her and merely remarked that he would be glad to drive her over to Grand Coteau. The sooner she went, the sooner she would come back. Mary Ann said good-bye to all and when she arrived she flew into the arms of Mother Aude and joyfully told her, "I've come to stay!" Mr. Hardey still thought she would be back in a week and told her so. He also asked if there was anything she wanted. Mary Ann thought and then with a distressed look said, "Yes, I forgot my mirror. Will you sent it over to me?"
There were two novices who had taken the habit in May and had also taken the names of Sophie and Philippine in honor of Mother Barat and Mother Duchesne. Mary would be given the name of Aloysia.

Feast of St. Augustine

Today is the Feast of St. Augustine and I need to mention this before continuing with the life of Mother Hardey. Augustine owed his conversion to the prayer of his mother, Monica; we celebrated her feast yesterday as she never gave up praying for him.

Augustine was born in North Africa in 354. He was a brilliant teacher and scholar, but followed Mani; later he would be able to defend the Christian faith against Manichaeism and other heresies. While teaching in Carthage, his mistress bore a son he named Adeotus. At the age of twenty-nine, Augustine relocated to Italy to teach in Rome and then in Milan. He heard St. Ambrose preach in Milan and finally was, through a special grace, converted and baptized in 387. His mother died later that year and his son just two years later. Augustine was ordained and became biship of Hippo. He founded the Augustinian Order because he wanted his priests to live together and support one another by their friendship. He tells his life story in his Confessions, one of the great spiritual classics.

Philippine Duchesne arrives at Grand Coteau

Mother Duchesne's picture; she is now St. Philippine Duchesne and so loved by all.
I thought you would like to hear how she met Mary Ann Hardey.

It was the last day of school at Grand Coteau before the two-week vacation between terms. To the great surprise and joy of all, Mother Duchesne arrives with two young nuns. One had just made her first vows and the other was still a novice. All three had been frightened by the Indians that had passed their canoe but were overjoyed to arrive at Grand Coteau after weeks of travel.
Mother Aude (I hope my readers know that there should be an accent on Aude but my computer does not allow me to put it each time) wanted the children to make a good impression and hastily arranged a reception for Mother Duchesne. There were seventeen students now, but who would represent them best to read the address in French? Although only at the boarding school for three months and not in the highest class, Mary Ann was chosen. Mother Williams describes this so well: "A rustle, a murmur. Mother Duchesne was in her place. Mary Ann rose and stepped before her. She curtseyed and read the French address impeccably. At appropriate intervals her grey eyes rose to meet the steady, penetrating gaze that rested upon her. If the hands of the clock could have folded together at that hour and the significance of the past and future been revealed in the unity of the present, what would it have meant for Mother Duchesne to know what this child would be, to know what a large part of the harvest that she herself could not see while still in the toil of the planting, would be reaped by those young hands, reaped and scattered as fresh grain in fields lying the length of an ocean from Halifax to Cuba?"
After the address, Mother Duchesne called the children to her. They would remember that evening even in the excitement of leaving the next morning for their vacation.

Vocation to Religious Life

Mary Ann Hardey felt the call to be a Religious of the Sacred Heart soon after her arrival at Grand Coteau. At first, she was attracted to Mother Aude and saw her love for the Society of the Sacred Heart; when June came, Mary Ann found the devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus resonated in her during the daily devotions. She began to contemplate the love of the Heart of Jesus for her and for each and inside her she felt the call to respond to that love and lead others to know the love of His Heart.
Mother Anna Xavier Murphy had come to Grand Coteau just a few months before Mary Ann began to board there. Mother Murphy was an Irish woman who had entered the Society in 1820; Mother Barat recognized that she would be an excellent missionary to sail with Lucille Mathevon in 1822. Mary Ann found herself attracted to this young Irish nun. Mother Williams tells us that Mary Ann heard Mother Murphy say one day, "When I was a little girl.." and she cried out abruptly to the nun, "were you ever a little girl?" Then Mother Murphy explained that ordinary people are sometimes called by God to give themselves to a special kind of life all for Him. From that moment, Mother Hardey said later, "I date my conversion. Since nuns were once like me, why cannot I be like them. And for that end I began to correct my faults." Mary Ann Hardey found that she admired Mother Murphy because she radiated the presence of God. She said that she seemed to hear an interior voice telling her, "What others have done you can do." She knew without doubt that she would be a Religious of the Sacred Heart.

Feast of St. Louis

Today is the Feast of St. Louis and St. Louis, Missouri, is my hometown so I was remembering the huge statue of this French king on horseback that overlooks Art Hill in front of the St. Louis Art Museum in Forest Park. He looks so courageous and very dignified. He was also a holy man.
The picture is one taken of the convent cemetery in Grand Coteau. It has recently been "fixed up", if that is what one can say about a cemetery that has been restored - I have not yet seen it so do not know if it is anything like it was years ago when each black cross had a rosebush encircling it. Many of my friends are buried there so I always try to go there to pray when I am in Grand Coteau.
To return to Mary Ann Hardey and her school days and I have two stories that she herself told later. On the first day visits were allowed, Mary Ann's mother arrived. To her consternation, Mary Ann burst into tears when her mother asked her if she was eating well. She told her mother that the nuns put worms into the soup! When this was translated into French so that Mother Aude could understand, this rather staid and formal superior began to laugh as she tried to explain that what Mary Ann thought were worms were noodles. In France, soups were often made with noodles but Mary Ann had never seen these wiggley things before and thought she was being made to eat worms! The other story Mother Aude did not think amusing. It seems that the Bishop was coming to visit and Mother Aude wanted to present the children at their best. They were made to practice the formal curtsy with which they were to greet him. Then the superior left to go greet the Bishop. The children were overcome with awe; led by Mary Ann, they all bolted and hid. The superior led the Bishop into the room and found it empty! Remember, Mary Ann was only twelve, but she was soon trying her best to be perfect and had quite a conversion.

Convent of the Sacred Heart, Grand Coteau, Louisiana

Grand Coteau is still a small town; the Convent of the Sacred Heart has been there since 1822, the oldest Sacred Heart convent and school in continual existence. The Jesuits also are the other presence in Grand Coteau. The only stoplight is at one corner of their property. A Mr. Charles Smith and his wife had settled there and decided that Grand Coteau needed a church. The Church of St. Charles Borromeo was built by them. However, Mr. Smith died in 1819. When Bishop Dubourg visited in 1820, Mrs. Smith asked him about founding a school for girls. He had a quick answer for her and said that he had some Religious of the Sacred Heart who had arrived in America in 1818 and they would be the ones to found another school in the South for girls. Mother Duchesne agreed and sent Mother Aude and a young sister to start the school which opened in October of 1822.
In the Spring of 1822, Mrs. Charles Smith visited the Hardey family. She was well-known to them as two of Mrs. Hardey's sisters had married two of Charles Smith's brothers! Ann Hardey had been sent the year before to the School of the Sisters of Charity at Emmitsburg where many of her Smith cousins had also gone for their education. Mrs. Hardey was wondering if Mary Ann should go, too. Mrs. Smith proposed that Mary Ann should come to the new school at Grand Coteau. It had opened some months ago with five children including Mrs. Smith's own niece; now there were a dozen children and all were learning so much under the very competent Superior and teacher, Mother Eugenie Aude.
Mary was now twelve years old and longing to go to Grand Coteau when her parents spoke to her about the new convent school. The obstacle was money for her tuition. Mr. Hardey was rich in land, but had very little cash. Mary Ann had an inspiration and asked if their slaves could not help by doing the convent washing as the nuns did not have slaves to do this. She thought this would help pay her tuition. Mr. Hardey gave his consent. The account books at the Convent record regularly $35 for Mademoiselle Hardey; the regular tuition was $45 a quarter so the labor of Mrs. Hardey's slaves gave Mary Ann the needed reduction.
When Mary Ann arrived, she realized that Mother Aude's English was not yet fluent and so she made up her mind that she would practice her French at every opportunity. She did this and withing a few months was speaking the language so well that she told Mother Aude that now she could just speak to her in French. Although entering several months after the other students, Mary Ann applied herself and was soon seen to have an outstanding intellect and quick grasp of all that was being taught.

Sunday Visiting

I am still with my thoughts in Louisiana with Mary Ann Hardey. This is a picture of a bayou and one remembers how frightened St. Philippine Duchesne and her companions were when they were overtaken by a canoe full of Indians. The Indians went past but Philippine feared that they were waiting for them further on and was so glad to at last arrive at Grand Coteau, but I am getting ahead of my story. Mary Ann Hardey will be one of the first pupils there. But the story of her life is only to be continued on Monday.
Today we are going to visit one of our Sisters who moved to our retirement home at Oakwood last year. She is back and visiting her niece who lives in Central Florida so we will drive up, have lunch, and return home tomorrow. I saw her last summer and she loves being out at Oakwood, but misses family, I think, and California is a long way from Miami.
When I was growing up we would always spend Sundays at my paternal grandmother's. She would have her six children all there every Sunday for dinner and then games. That lasted until I was in sixth grade and there was a shortage of gas plus my baby brothers came along and that made visiting more difficult. Instead, my maternal grandfather, great aunt, and great uncle, all began to come to our house on Sunday afternoons for a roast dinner. It just made Sunday a family day. Now, we are usually together on Sundays as a community and prayer together at six in the evening.
When I was growing up, the stores were not open on Sunday and families stayed home!
Here is a something you will like - I had read it before, but now it is sent to me with the source by my spiritual director:

We awaken in Christ's body
as Christ awakens our bodies,
and my poor hand is Christ, He enters
my foot, and is infinitely me.

I move my hand, and wonderfully
my hand becomes Christ, becomes all of Him
(for God is indivisibly
whole, seamless in His Godhood).

I move my foot, and at once
He appears like a flash of lightning.
Do my words seem blasphemous? -- Then
open your heart to Him

and let yourself receive the one
who is opening to you so deeply.
For if we genuinely love Him,
we wake up inside Christ's body

where all our body, all over,
every most hidden part of it,
is realized in joy as Him,
and He makes us, utterly, real,

and everything that is hurt, everything
that seemed to us dark, harsh, shameful,
maimed, ugly, irreparably
damaged, is in Him transformed

and recognized as whole, as lovely,
and radiant in His light
he awakens as the Beloved


St. Symeon
-- from The Book of Mystical Chapters: Meditations on the Soul's Ascent from the Desert Fathers and Other Early Christian Contemplatives, trans. John Anthony McGuckin. Boston: Shambala Publications, 2002.

Mary Ann Hardey's first years in Louisiana

Mary Ann's uncle was proud to show his home to his brother and to point out the site that would be for Frederick's family home. This was quickly built for them and they just had settled into this new home when the older brother, Charles Anthony, died. He left all his estate to Frederick.
Sarah visited Saint Landry's and talked to Father Rossi. She learned that there was a school supervised by him and soon Ann and Mary Ann were enrolled. Ann was ten now and admitted to the First Communion class; Mary Ann was too young, but insisted on attending. One day, when the rest of the students could not answer Father Rossi's question, Mary Ann came forward and spoke with such clarity that Father Rossi took her aside afterwards and then decided that she should make her First Communion with her older sister.
Soon the family circle was enlarged to five girls and three boys. Charles Anthony was born in 1819, George Raphael in 1820, and the other boy was Siebert but there is no record of his birth; we do not know the names of the other two girls.
The plantation was a world in itself. Slave-quarters stretched in long rows behind the main house and every night all gathered for evening prayers led by Mary Ann's father. It was a happy family life and Mary Ann learned very early how to help her mother manage the large household.

I will continue later with more of Mother Hardey's life as she had so much influence on Catholic education in the United States. On Monday, we will look at her own education in Grand Coteau, Louisiana.

First Journey to Louisiana

Mary Ann Hardey was a "spoiled" and solitary pet of her grandmother's home until she was five. Now she found herself living with an "older" sister, Ann, and two other sisters who were younger, the baby was Matilda; the other sister's name is not known. Mary Ann slowly found her gaiety again surrounded by her mother's love and the other children.

Shortly after her arrival, her uncle Anthony who had moved to Louisiana, urged his relations to come, too. Sarah encouraged Frederick to accept and her parents gave them much to take with them, including more slaves. By the time they were ready to move, they had one hundred slaves to take with them and provide for on the journey. They had to cross the Alleghenies in covered wagons. When, at last they reached the Ohio river, they had to get flat-boats to transport them down to the Mississippi and then all the way down to New Orleans! Mary Ann is seven by this time and helped to mind the baby, but it was tiresome having to sit still so long for this active child. Her uncle met them in New Orleans and they had several days in that fascinating city. While supplies were being replenished, Mary Ann went with her mother and met her first "nun" at the Urseline convent. Soon they were off again in a long caravan; this time they road in ox-carts.

The little town of Opelousas was the nucleus for less than a hundred far-flung plantations. Some were owned by Crioles, some by newly arrived Americans, and some by Acadians.

"Second Sowing"

Second Sowing is the title of a book by Margaret Williams that was published by Sheed and Ward in 1942. I read it during the high school retreat at the Academy of the Sacred Heart in 1946 and was very impressed with Mother Hardey. Last summer, in retreat, I again read another life of Mother Hardey written in 1925 by Mother Gavey. Both lives seem to be influencing me again so I thought it would be good to share some thoughts with you in my blog.
Mother Margared Williams' "Second Sowing: The Life of Mary Aloysia Hardey" gives much background about the country, still so young, in which Mary Hardey lived from before the war of 1812 to after the Civil War. She shows how this tireless young Religious of the Sacred Heart was called to sow the seed first sown in this New World by St. Philippine Duchesne when she came from France in 1818 to establish the Society of the Sacred Heart in America.
This year is the bicentennial of Mary Ann Hardey's birth and it is fitting that we look at her life and learn from it.
Born December 8, 1809, in Piscataway, Maryland, her parents were Frederick and Sarah Spalding who had been married in 1806. The first daughter was named Ann; when the next daughter was born, she was named Mary Ann. Later, Mary Ann would change her name to Aloysia when she had been accepted into the Society of the Sacred Heart at a very young age. The spelling of their name to "Hardey" instead of Hardy was done earlier.
When Mary was still a baby, Grandmother Spalding came from Baltimore and used the pretext of an epidemic of whooping cough to take Mary Ann back to Baltimore with her. Aunt Betty Edelin, the black "mammy" who cared for Mary Ann went with them. Grandmother Spalding kept Mary Ann until she was five. It was the danger from the British Redcoats during the War of 1812 that allowed Mary Ann to return home when she was five. She returned to a family she did not know!
To be continued tomorrow!

Thoughts on Mother Aloysia Hardey
These were found on the Greenwich Sacred Heart school website last May and seem a fitting introduction to the life of Mother Hardey. Since I am at present reading another life of this great religious, I thought I would share some thoughts about her with you, beginning with these copied from Greewich:
Born in Prince George’s County, Maryland in December, 1809 and baptized as Mary Ann Hardey, Mother Hardey’s life and work spanned one of the most progressive and turbulent eras of American history, the mid-nineteenth century
Her life’s journey, which lasted until her death in Paris in 1886, took her from Maryland to Louisiana, to New York, the mid-west, Canada, Cuba, London, Paris and Rome.

Her influence as an educator was profound, for as a woman ahead of her time, she worked untiringly on behalf of educational advancement for ALL women, rich and poor. With unflagging energy and courage, she established Sacred Heart schools in places as diverse as New York City, Detroit, Rochester, Halifax, Buffalo and Havana, Cuba, among others. Our own school(Greenwich) was founded directly by Mother Hardey; in fact, we have catalogs listing her name, many Annual Letters in which our school is featured, and even copies of letters she wrote to students’ parents, some of which have been on display on numerous occasions in our display case downstairs.

One author writes that Mother Hardey’s greatest talent as an educator lay in her ability to adapt the essential qualities of Sacred Heart education to the needs of the times. She truly laid the foundation for what we at Greenwich do so well today. She was a firm believer in advancement and progress in women’s education, and once stated that “education begins with the hearts; it molds the character and enlightens the mind. Understand well that your own education will never be finished.”

As the direct foundress of our school, founded downtown on Houston Street in 1848, Mother Hardey dedicated the school to St. Michael, the Archangel, believing that his greatness would always protect and influence those who study and work at our school. She imbued the students at Houston Street with a love for learning and a spirit of generosity. She told the students and religious that “Faith must find its expression in works…remember that only the prayer of the heart reaches heaven.”

In all endeavors, Mother Hardey progressed with courage and faith. Her vision of women’s education began with faith and continues until this day, not only here on the beautiful campus at Greenwich, but in every one of our sister schools around the country.

Fond Memories

The Chilean flag brings back so many fond memories. Chile is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, but it is the people I miss so much after many years away. I arrived without knowing a word of Spanish. It was Valentine's Day, 1960, and I had come straight from my final profession in Rome. I had learned only one phrase in Spanish: how to ask for my superior's blessing! I suppose I thought that would solve all my problems.
The first days were spent in Santiago applying for permanent residence as at that time one went to the missions for life. I stayed in the century old convent of Maestranza, with the huge cedar tree shading the patio. That beautiful tree had been planted by Mother du Rosier who first brought the Society of the Sacred Heart to Chile in 1854. With only two Religious to begin the foundation she opened a normal school at the request of the government and then a boarding school to educate young girls. When other Religious arrived to help, a free school was opened and then came more foundations in Chile and then Peru. I knew very little of the history of the Society in Chile and still less of the history of Chile, but remember feeling a certain awe as I prayed at the tomb of this famous Mother who was buried in a small chapel in the garden. I must say that Maestranza had about 13 patios and I was just amazed at the size of the convent.
More memories to follow.

Back to Work, Full of Trust

It has been a truly wonderful vacation; I will be back at work today and planning the academic year. I still have many unfinished projects that I hope to get to before the end of August. It will help to realize that these months of vacation have been lovely and restful. Now it is time for work.
I am also thinking of my own dreams for the new academic year. The campus is lovely; the picture is one taken in front of the library. The new student center is getting the finishing touches and will be open for the students to enjoy. I am happy to be back but grateful for all the graces of this summer. Now, hopefully, we will not begin the year with a hurricane, but one is threatening to come our way by Friday. Trust in the Lord is a good way to begin this new academic year!
I had brunch with a cousin by marriage (not sure how we are related really but she claims me and is a delightful person!) She is now eighty years old and still swims 30 laps every morning!! She keeps up with friends from all over and has had a fascinating life. She lived on a beautiful ranch in Argentina for eleven years and made me start thinking about my own experiences in Chile for twenty years. I may be sharing some of these memories in my blog.

"Watch carefully how you live"

The second reading from Paul's letter to the Ephesians(5:15-20)begins by telling us to "watch carefully how you live, not as foolish persons but as wise..."

The daily Ignatian examen prayer that helps us to reflect on our day and to be attentive to the Lord's Presence is one way to watch carefully how I live! Paul goes on to give us excellent advice: "Try to understand what is the will of the Lord...be filled with the Spirit, addressing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and praying to the Lord in your heart, giving thanks always and for everything in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God the Father."

I guess we could consider speaking to others in the spirit of the Psalms; what I really think we should cultivate is that of singing and praying to the Lord in our hearts and giving thanks always and for everything! Think what a difference this would make in our lives! It is possible if we watch carefully how we live.

Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

This Feast has a history. It first began to be celebrated as a feast day in the Eastern Church after the ecumenical Council of Ephesus(431)proclaimed Mary the Mother of God. The Assumption of Mary celebrates her being taken up to heaven body and soul. By the sixth century, the feast celebrated Mary's "Dormition, her "falling asleep", meaning her death. The Western Church began to celebrate this feast around 650; the doctrine of Mary's Assumption was only proclaimed officially by Pope Pius XII in 1950.

The theology of the feast is always found in the special Preface:
"Today the virgin Mother of God was taken up into heaven to be the beginning and the pattern of the Church in its perfection, and a sign of hope and comfort for your people on their pilgrim way. You would not allow decay to touch her body, for she had given birth to your Son, and the Lord of all life, in the glory of the incarnation."

It is consoling to know that Mary is in heaven, body and soul, watching over us.

Computer Games

One of my community is addicted to playing Mah Jeong in the morning and so I am not able to get on the computer early to write my blog; I am managing usually by trying to schedule ahead, but forgot about today. Actually, it has been a strange week for me. I made a long "to do" list but seem not to have done anything on it. I have not been such a procrastinator for ages. I think I had this mindset that I am on vacation and will begin after August 15th to really work. However, most of my "to do" list is not concerned with the University but with my keeping up relationships. Maybe God wanted this to be a quiet week and I am grateful that it was. I did get to the University one day and that was good as I was able to get my parking sticker for the next year. Few professors were there on Wednesday, but I suspect that Monday will have all back and working.
I have managed to swim every day!
I also have been thinking about the really positive effect that our dreams can have on our lives. However, they must not just remain dreams. I read the other day that we begin to fulfill the dream by one simple action step at a time.

St. Maximilian Mary Kolbe

St. Maximilian Mary Kolb is a modern martyr. He was born in Russian Poland in 1894 and joined the Franciscans in 1910 changing his name from Raimund to Maximilian Maria. He was ordained after studies in Rome and then returned to Poland. From 1930 to 1936 he was a missionary in Japan. Then, when the Nazis took over Poland, he was active in helping thousands of refugees, including Polish Jews. Arrested by the Gestapo in 1941, he was sent to Auschwitz. When a prisoner escaped, ten men were chosen at random to die. One was a young father; Maximilian offered to take his place and so was executed. He gave his life for the other and is now a canonized saint.

The selected verses of Psalm 136 call us to thanksgiving. The refrain is "His mercy endures forever.
Give thanks to the Lord for he is good,
for his mercy endures forever;
Give thanks to the God of gods,
for his mercy endures forever;
Give thanks to the Lord of lords,
for his mercy endures forever.

That is only one verse, but you may want to make up your own today!

St. Jane Frances de Chantal

Jane was born in 1572 in Dijon, France. She married Baron de Chantal and had six children. She was only 29 when her husband died in an accident. St. Frances de Sales became her spiritual director and, with him, she founded the Visitation Order for women who wished to lead a religious life that was not as austere as some of the other orders; they were to visit the sick and care for the poor. Because of the spread of her Order to France, her nuns were forced to live a more cloistered life. Some convents taught girls; others became contemplative convents.

In Matthew's Gospel we have the consoling words of Jesus: "Amen, I say to you, if two agree on earth about anything for which they are to pray, it shall be granted to them by my heavenly Father. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the midst of them."